The modification in structure, physiology and behaviour of plant and animal is called ______

Analyze the question The question asks for the term describing changes in an organism's structure, physiology and behaviour. These changes help it survive in its environment.

Explain the concept

• Adaptation: a modification in structure, physiology or behaviour that fits an organism to its environment and helps it survive and reproduce. • Structural example: the long roots of desert plants, or the webbed feet of ducks. • Physiological example: camels conserving water, or sweating in mammals. • Behavioural example: nocturnal habits, or migration in birds.
• Evolution: gradual change in the genetic makeup of populations over many generations. It is a long-term process, not a modification in an individual's structure, physiology and behaviour.
• Variation: differences between individuals of the same species, such as height or skin colour.
• Succession: the gradual, orderly replacement of one community by another in an area, for example from pioneer species to a climax community.

Step-by-step solution

1. The key phrase is "modification in structure, physiology and behaviour". These are the three ways organisms fit their environment.
2. Modifications that suit an organism to its surroundings are called adaptations.
3. Evolution is about populations over generations, variation is about differences between individuals, and succession is about communities. None of these matches the question.

Answer: A. adaptation.

Tip: When you see "structure, physiology and behaviour" together with survival or the environment, think adaptation. Link evolution with "generations", variation with "differences", and succession with "communities".