Seed plants are divided into

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks how seed plants (spermatophytes) are classified into their two main groups.

Step 2: Explain the concept Plants that reproduce by seeds are called spermatophytes. They are divided into two groups based on how their seeds are borne:

• Gymnosperms: "naked seeds" that are not enclosed in an ovary or fruit (e.g., pine, cycads).
• Angiosperms: flowering plants whose seeds are enclosed in a fruit (e.g., mango, maize, beans).

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Monocotyledons and dicotyledons: These are the two subdivisions of angiosperms only. They do not cover all seed plants, because gymnosperms are left out.
• B. Tracheophytes and ferns: Ferns are tracheophytes themselves (vascular plants), and they do not produce seeds. This is wrong.
• C. Angiosperms and gymnosperms: These are the two main groups of seed plants. This is correct.
• D. Thallophytes and bryophytes: Neither group produces seeds. Both are simple, non-vascular plants. This is wrong.

Step 4: Answer Seed plants are divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms, which is option C.

Tip: Remember "Gymno = naked, Angio = enclosed." Monocots and dicots are a further division within angiosperms. If an exam question asks about the first division of seed plants, go for angiosperms and gymnosperms.