The part of the brain responsible for peristalsis is the

Analyze the question Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contraction that pushes food along the alimentary canal (oesophagus, stomach, intestines). The question asks which part of the brain controls this involuntary action.

Explain the concept Peristalsis is carried out by smooth muscle and is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The medulla oblongata, at the base of the brainstem, controls many involuntary activities, including:

• Heartbeat
• Breathing rate
• Peristalsis
• Vomiting, swallowing, coughing and sneezing

Evaluate the options

• A. Olfactory lobe: deals with the sense of smell. Not involved.
• B. Medulla oblongata: controls involuntary actions such as peristalsis. Correct.
• C. Hypothalamus: regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst and water balance, and links the nervous and endocrine systems. It does not directly control peristalsis.
• D. Thalamus: relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex. Not involved.

Answer The correct option is B. Medulla Oblongata.

Exam tip Remember the medulla as the "automatic pilot" of the body. If an action is involuntary and vital (heartbeat, breathing, peristalsis), think medulla oblongata. For temperature and hunger, think hypothalamus. For balance and coordination, think cerebellum.